59.2 Folate

59.2.1 Global tests

Type III ANOVA on main and interaction effects, and LM model summaries.

Prolactin
Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
(Intercept) 166.0537558 1 <0.0001 ***
Folate 2.4526126 1 0.1 ns
GDM_new 0.6482207 1 0.4 ns
Study 1.3383219 1 0.2 ns
GA_samp 151.3636207 1 <0.0001 ***
Folate:GDM_new 0.0737512 1 0.8 ns
GDM_new:Study 0.8231549 1 0.4 ns
Folate:Study 2.4443463 1 0.1 ns
Folate:GDM_new:Study 0.0167006 1 0.9 ns
HPL
Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
(Intercept) 37.7924677 1 <0.0001 ***
Folate 0.1029730 1 0.7 ns
GDM_new 0.1600993 1 0.7 ns
Study 8.2930926 1 0.004 **
GA_samp 1945.3062005 1 <0.0001 ***
Folate:GDM_new 0.2718582 1 0.6 ns
GDM_new:Study 0.1153311 1 0.7 ns
Folate:Study 0.0018958 1 1.0 ns
Folate:GDM_new:Study 0.9457358 1 0.3 ns
GH2
Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
(Intercept) 333.7985238 1 <0.0001 ***
Folate 0.6363644 1 0.4 ns
GDM_new 0.0003137 1 1.0 ns
Study 0.2830153 1 0.6 ns
GA_samp 873.7248805 1 <0.0001 ***
Folate:GDM_new 1.4214832 1 0.2 ns
GDM_new:Study 0.0000007 1 1.0 ns
Folate:Study 1.4248198 1 0.2 ns
Folate:GDM_new:Study 1.7380914 1 0.2 ns
Insulin
model term df1 df2 F.ratio Chisq p.value
1 Folate 1 Inf 9.074 9.074 0.003 **
5 GDM_new 1 Inf 25.522 25.522 <0.0001 ***
7 Study 1 Inf 9.643 9.643 0.002 **
8 GA_samp 1 Inf 0.032 0.032 0.9 ns
2 Folate:GDM_new 1 Inf 0.196 0.196 0.7 ns
4 Folate:Study 1 Inf 0.772 0.772 0.4 ns
6 GDM_new:Study 1 Inf 0.977 0.977 0.3 ns
3 Folate:GDM_new:Study 1 Inf 0.006 0.006 0.9 ns
HOMA.IR
model term df1 df2 F.ratio Chisq p.value
1 Folate 1 Inf 11.114 11.114 0.0009 ***
5 GDM_new 1 Inf 26.938 26.938 <0.0001 ***
7 Study 1 Inf 15.817 15.817 <0.0001 ***
8 GA_samp 1 Inf 0.005 0.005 0.9 ns
2 Folate:GDM_new 1 Inf 0.680 0.680 0.4 ns
4 Folate:Study 1 Inf 0.954 0.954 0.3 ns
6 GDM_new:Study 1 Inf 1.300 1.300 0.3 ns
3 Folate:GDM_new:Study 1 Inf 0.001 0.001 1.0 ns
GLUC3_mmol.L
model term df1 df2 F.ratio Chisq p.value
1 Folate 1 Inf 3.341 3.341 0.07 ns
5 GDM_new 1 Inf 5.928 5.928 0.01 *
7 Study 1 Inf 17.784 17.784 <0.0001 ***
8 GA_samp 1 Inf 0.589 0.589 0.4 ns
2 Folate:GDM_new 1 Inf 3.209 3.209 0.07 ns
4 Folate:Study 1 Inf 1.075 1.075 0.3 ns
6 GDM_new:Study 1 Inf 1.115 1.115 0.3 ns
3 Folate:GDM_new:Study 1 Inf 0.363 0.363 0.5 ns

59.2.2 Model summary

Ratio of Geometric means (95% CI)

Prolactin
Var Effect P
(Intercept) 2.68 (2.27, 3.09) <0.0001
Folate -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.11
GDM_newGDM -0.14 (-0.38, 0.10) 0.25
StudySTOP -0.10 (-0.26, 0.07) 0.25
GA_samp 0.15 (0.13, 0.17) <0.0001
Folate:GDM_newGDM 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.68
GDM_newGDM:StudySTOP 0.17 (-0.06, 0.40) 0.14
Folate:StudySTOP 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.11
HPL
Var Effect P
(Intercept) 0.67 (0.46, 0.88) <0.0001
Folate -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.55
GDM_newGDM -0.11 (-0.24, 0.01) 0.07
StudySTOP 0.12 (0.03, 0.21) 0.006
GA_samp 0.29 (0.28, 0.30) <0.0001
Folate:GDM_newGDM 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.36
GDM_newGDM:StudySTOP 0.05 (-0.06, 0.17) 0.38
Folate:StudySTOP 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.70
GH2
Var Effect P
(Intercept) -2.60 (-2.88, -2.32) <0.0001
Folate 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.63
GDM_newGDM -0.15 (-0.33, 0.02) 0.09
StudySTOP 0.02 (-0.10, 0.13) 0.79
GA_samp 0.26 (0.24, 0.28) <0.0001
Folate:GDM_newGDM 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.93
GDM_newGDM:StudySTOP 0.18 (0.01, 0.34) 0.04
Folate:StudySTOP -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.41
Insulin
Var Effect P
(Intercept) 2.73 (2.19, 3.27) <0.0001
Folate -0.00 (-0.00, -0.00) 0.01
GDM_newGDM 0.88 (0.51, 1.25) <0.0001
StudySTOP -0.36 (-0.58, -0.14) 0.001
GA_samp 0.00 (-0.03, 0.04) 0.86
Folate:GDM_newGDM -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.62
GDM_newGDM:StudySTOP -0.30 (-0.64, 0.04) 0.09
Folate:StudySTOP 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.25
HOMA.IR
Var Effect P
(Intercept) 1.38 (0.82, 1.95) <0.0001
Folate -0.00 (-0.01, -0.00) 0.010
GDM_newGDM 1.01 (0.60, 1.42) <0.0001
StudySTOP -0.52 (-0.75, -0.29) <0.0001
GA_samp -0.00 (-0.04, 0.03) 0.95
Folate:GDM_newGDM -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.40
GDM_newGDM:StudySTOP -0.36 (-0.73, 0.02) 0.06
Folate:StudySTOP 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.23
GLUC3_mmol.L
Var Effect P
(Intercept) 1.74 (1.63, 1.85) <0.0001
Folate -0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.24
GDM_newGDM 0.17 (0.03, 0.31) 0.02
StudySTOP -0.16 (-0.21, -0.12) <0.0001
GA_samp -0.00 (-0.01, 0.00) 0.46
Folate:GDM_newGDM -0.00 (-0.00, -0.00) 0.02
GDM_newGDM:StudySTOP -0.08 (-0.19, 0.04) 0.19
Folate:StudySTOP 0.00 (-0.00, 0.00) 0.18

59.2.3 Estimated means

Estimated marginal means (or adjusted means) adjusted for GA at sampling, BMI, ethnicity and smoking.

Results are averaged over the levels of Serum folate concentration (nM) and may be misleading when interaction term is involved.

Prolactin
Study GDM_new response SE df lower.CL upper.CL
SCOPE Uncomplicated 91.93238 7.620145 113.41538 78.01044 108.3389
STOP Uncomplicated 93.81986 7.063797 77.74118 80.75951 108.9923
SCOPE GDM 82.63955 10.578321 491.25986 64.26290 106.2712
STOP GDM 100.24496 8.918948 146.46724 84.08120 119.5160
HPL
Study GDM_new response SE df lower.CL upper.CL
SCOPE Uncomplicated 85.75586 2.653914 225.3123 80.68246 91.14828
STOP Uncomplicated 98.24072 2.536388 111.6939 93.34143 103.39717
SCOPE GDM 79.67707 4.566763 659.9960 71.19612 89.16828
STOP GDM 96.21510 3.504870 338.2123 89.56221 103.36219
GH2
Study GDM_new response SE df lower.CL upper.CL
SCOPE Uncomplicated 2.260977 0.0815629 556.9267 2.106312 2.426998
STOP Uncomplicated 2.198475 0.0589499 224.5472 2.085325 2.317765
SCOPE GDM 1.949570 0.1550901 1035.3101 1.667807 2.278935
STOP GDM 2.261217 0.0965979 534.4997 2.079203 2.459165
Insulin
Study GDM_new response SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
SCOPE Uncomplicated 13.38897 0.8605354 Inf 11.804264 15.18643
STOP Uncomplicated 10.25874 0.4219833 Inf 9.464133 11.12007
SCOPE GDM 30.82520 4.5651816 Inf 23.059175 41.20671
STOP GDM 17.52716 1.3652257 Inf 15.045605 20.41800
HOMA.IR
Study GDM_new response SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
SCOPE Uncomplicated 3.234789 0.2205633 Inf 2.830133 3.697302
STOP Uncomplicated 2.135520 0.0926688 Inf 1.961402 2.325095
SCOPE GDM 8.116638 1.3208034 Inf 5.900135 11.165815
STOP GDM 3.741720 0.3114622 Inf 3.178462 4.404795
GLUC3_mmol.L
Study GDM_new response SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL
SCOPE Uncomplicated 5.408408 0.0700182 Inf 5.272901 5.547397
STOP Uncomplicated 4.722556 0.0455694 Inf 4.634081 4.812720
SCOPE GDM 5.947076 0.2916597 Inf 5.402048 6.547094
STOP GDM 4.814860 0.0609634 Inf 4.696845 4.935841

59.2.4 Comparisons

59.2.4.1 Within Groups

Effect for every 50 unit increase in Serum folate concentration (nM).
Hormone Contrast Study GDM_new Ratio of Geometric means (95% CI) P-value
Prolactin Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE Uncomplicated 0.928 (0.846, 1.018) 0.1
Prolactin Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP Uncomplicated 1.017 (0.950, 1.088) 0.6
Prolactin Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE GDM 0.953 (0.822, 1.105) 0.5
Prolactin Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP GDM 1.044 (0.935, 1.165) 0.4
HPL Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE Uncomplicated 0.986 (0.940, 1.034) 0.5
HPL Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP Uncomplicated 0.997 (0.961, 1.034) 0.9
HPL Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE GDM 1.018 (0.941, 1.101) 0.7
HPL Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP GDM 1.030 (0.969, 1.094) 0.3
GH2 Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE Uncomplicated 1.016 (0.951, 1.086) 0.6
GH2 Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP Uncomplicated 0.982 (0.935, 1.032) 0.5
GH2 Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE GDM 1.021 (0.916, 1.138) 0.7
GH2 Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP GDM 0.987 (0.910, 1.071) 0.7
Insulin Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE Uncomplicated 0.872 (0.784, 0.971) 0.01
Insulin Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP Uncomplicated 0.938 (0.870, 1.011) 0.09
Insulin Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE GDM 0.840 (0.713, 0.989) 0.04
Insulin Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP GDM 0.903 (0.782, 1.043) 0.2
HOMA.IR Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE Uncomplicated 0.862 (0.770, 0.965) 0.010
HOMA.IR Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP Uncomplicated 0.935 (0.863, 1.013) 0.10
HOMA.IR Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE GDM 0.804 (0.676, 0.957) 0.01
HOMA.IR Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP GDM 0.873 (0.751, 1.014) 0.08
GLUC3_mmol.L Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE Uncomplicated 0.988 (0.969, 1.008) 0.2
GLUC3_mmol.L Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP Uncomplicated 1.011 (0.988, 1.034) 0.4
GLUC3_mmol.L Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 SCOPE GDM 0.935 (0.881, 0.992) 0.03
GLUC3_mmol.L Folate89.2 / Folate39.2 STOP GDM 0.956 (0.922, 0.992) 0.02

59.2.4.2 Between Groups

Below are comparisons of the differences in the change in Serum folate concentration (nM) between groups. I.e. whether the change in Serum folate concentration (nM) are different between groups.

Prolactin
contrast ratio SE df lower.CL upper.CL p.value
SCOPE/SCOPE (Overall) 1.200030 0.1362580 1399.391 0.9604141 1.499429 0.109 ns
STOP/SCOPE (Uncomplicated) 1.095459 0.0621922 1399.391 0.9800072 1.224512 0.109 ns
STOP/SCOPE (GDM) 1.095459 0.0621922 1399.391 0.9800072 1.224512 0.109 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (SCOPE) 1.026943 0.0658690 1381.003 0.9055274 1.164638 0.679 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (STOP) 1.026943 0.0658690 1381.003 0.9055274 1.164638 0.679 ns
HPL
contrast ratio SE df lower.CL upper.CL p.value
SCOPE/SCOPE (Overall) 1.023373 0.0608357 1275.512 0.9107202 1.149960 0.698 ns
STOP/SCOPE (Uncomplicated) 1.011619 0.0300685 1275.512 0.9543166 1.072362 0.698 ns
STOP/SCOPE (GDM) 1.011619 0.0300685 1275.512 0.9543166 1.072362 0.698 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (SCOPE) 1.032713 0.0360927 1355.552 0.9642817 1.106000 0.357 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (STOP) 1.032713 0.0360927 1355.552 0.9642817 1.106000 0.357 ns
GH2
contrast ratio SE df lower.CL upper.CL p.value
SCOPE/SCOPE (Overall) 0.9342784 0.0768567 1457.897 0.7950521 1.097886 0.409 ns
STOP/SCOPE (Uncomplicated) 0.9665808 0.0397570 1457.897 0.8916570 1.047800 0.409 ns
STOP/SCOPE (GDM) 0.9665808 0.0397570 1457.897 0.8916570 1.047800 0.409 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (SCOPE) 1.0043919 0.0475507 1464.037 0.9153171 1.102135 0.926 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (STOP) 1.0043919 0.0475507 1464.037 0.9153171 1.102135 0.926 ns
Insulin
contrast ratio SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL p.value
SCOPE/SCOPE (Overall) 1.156648 0.1470618 Inf 0.9015204 1.483977 0.252 ns
STOP/SCOPE (Uncomplicated) 1.075476 0.0683705 Inf 0.9494843 1.218186 0.252 ns
STOP/SCOPE (GDM) 1.075476 0.0683705 Inf 0.9494843 1.218186 0.252 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (SCOPE) 0.962596 0.0750224 Inf 0.8262347 1.121462 0.625 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (STOP) 0.962596 0.0750224 Inf 0.8262347 1.121462 0.625 ns
HOMA.IR
contrast ratio SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL p.value
SCOPE/SCOPE (Overall) 1.1776199 0.1589682 Inf 0.9038586 1.534298 0.226 ns
STOP/SCOPE (Uncomplicated) 1.0851819 0.0732449 Inf 0.9507148 1.238668 0.226 ns
STOP/SCOPE (GDM) 1.0851819 0.0732449 Inf 0.9507148 1.238668 0.226 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (SCOPE) 0.9332834 0.0762571 Inf 0.7951759 1.095377 0.398 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (STOP) 0.9332834 0.0762571 Inf 0.7951759 1.095377 0.398 ns
GLUC3_mmol.L
contrast ratio SE df asymp.LCL asymp.UCL p.value
SCOPE/SCOPE (Overall) 1.045614 0.0347984 Inf 0.9795876 1.1160915 0.180 ns
STOP/SCOPE (Uncomplicated) 1.022553 0.0170154 Inf 0.9897412 1.0564523 0.180 ns
STOP/SCOPE (GDM) 1.022553 0.0170154 Inf 0.9897412 1.0564523 0.180 ns
GDM/Uncomplicated (SCOPE) 0.946157 0.0233600 Inf 0.9014623 0.9930677 0.025 *
GDM/Uncomplicated (STOP) 0.946157 0.0233600 Inf 0.9014623 0.9930677 0.025 *

59.2.5 Diagnostics

Model diagnositcs.

Diagnositcs for PRL (ng/ml)

Diagnositcs for hPL (μg/ml)

Diagnositcs for GH2 (ng/ml)

Diagnositcs for Insulin (uU/ml)

Diagnositcs for HOMA-IR

Diagnositcs for Glucose (mmol/L)

59.2.6 Plots